Vascular Surgery in India

Vascular Surgery is a particular kind of surgery that deals with surgical interventions of arteries and veins. It also cures diseases of the vascular system and deals with treatment of the areas of dilatation of the blood vessel that can rupture if not treated.

Blockages of blood vessels treated by vascular surgeons if not treated causes lack of blood flow to the body, stroke and other serious complications. The treatment requires removal of the area of blockage, carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting in which a tube is placed within the artery that allows blood flow.

Veins contain leaflet valves for preventing blood from flowing backwards When the veins become varicose (enlarged), they do not meet properly, and the valves do not work allowing the blood to flow backwards and they are enlarged even more.

Causes for Cardiovascular Disease

  • Long hours of standing or sitting
  • Heredity
  • Female hormones, especially those of pregnancy
  • Muscular compartment forces travelling through connecting veins, create higher pressure in the superficial veins leading to the enlargement of the vessels.

Symptoms of Varicose veins

  • Swelling in the ankles
  • Heavy legs, worsened at night
  • Appearance of spider veins (telangiectasia)
  • Discoloration near the affected veins (brownish-blue)
  • Even small tale a long time to heal
  • Redness, dryness, and itchiness of areas of skin

Cardiovascular Surgery

One of the prime treatments of varicose veins is surgery. Another kind of supportive treatments can be medicines and graduated compression stockings and even elevating the legs can offer temporary relief. There are Sapheno-femoral junction ligation and vein stripping operation involves the removal of all or a part of the saphenous vein main trunk after skin incisions are given over the groin and leg.

Laser Cardiovascular Surgery

(A). Endovenous Laser Ablation

The main aim of this less invasive alternative is to provide proper thermal energy to the wall of the damaged vein for the produce of fibrosis and lastly disappearance of the vein. The process takes around 45 minutes on each leg. The process leaves less scars and minimizes pain too.

(B) Sclerotherapy

One of the most frequently followed non-surgical treatment for varicose veins where the medicine is injected into the veins to shrink them down. The procedure safe as well as effective.

Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical process where fatty deposits that block one of the two carotid arteries, is removed. This process plaque from the artery of the patient, improving the blood flow. It is mainly performed in old age people.

Carotid Artery Disease

After an examination is done and the level of plaque is determined, duplex ultrasound is performed that makes use of painless sound waves for showing the blood vessels and measuring the speed of the blood flow. Following are the other tests:

  • Computed tomographic angiogram (CTA)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain
  • Angiography
  • Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Postoperative care of Vascular Surgery

  • Less consumption of saturated fat, cholesterol and calories
  • Regular Exercise, especially aerobic and walking
  • Avoidance of smoking
  • Regular antiplatelet therapy
  • Maintain ideal body weight
  • Take medications for lowering cholesterol

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FAQs For Cardiovascular Surgery

There are many causes of this disease such as:

  • Hereditary factors
  • High blood pressure
  • Standing and sitting for long hours
  • Smoking
  • High cholesterol
  • Diabetes
  • Inactivity
  • Being overweight or obese
  • During pregnancy, female hormones can trigger this disease

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is also known as peripheral artery disease and peripheral vascular disease. It is a disorder caused by blockage of our body’s large peripheral arteries, which restrict blood flow to the legs. There are many patients who have leg pain while walking, which happens as a result of a lack of oxygen to muscle tissue.

Peripheral arterial disease symptoms are –

  • Painful cramps in muscles of legs, hips, or thighs while walking, exercising, and climbing stairs. The pain often subsides with rest.
  • Patients experience pain in the feet that wakes them up at night.
  • Numbness in the affected limb
  • Reduced hair and nail growth

In few patients, the vascular system may reimburse for reduced blood flow by making another route. These are known as collateral vessels.

Peripheral artery disease is often caused by atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, fatty deposits (plaques) build up on your artery walls and reduce blood flow, causing Peripheral arterial disease.

There are various factors that make veins narrow such as high cholesterol, diabetes, history of heart attack, stroke, and vascular disease in the family, high blood pressure, heart disease, smoking, unhealthy lifestyle, being overweight, and being above 50 years of age.

This disease is caused because of the hardening of arteries and patients can take a few precautionary steps to reduce the risk to develop this condition. These preventions are –

  • Quit smoking
  • Manage diabetes by taking medicines regularly, sticking to the diet, and managing to follow ups with the doctor
  • Maintain low blood pressure
  • Have a healthy diet that comprises food low on fat and cholesterol
  • Exercise regularly and manage your weight
  • De-stress
  • Regular medication as prescribed by the doctor

Peripheral artery disease can be precisely diagnosed with blood pressure measurements of arms and legs both, ankle-brachial index, and ultrasound of arms and legs.

First, the doctor recommends patients manage their symptoms related to this disease. With this doctor prescribes blood thinning and artery expanding medicines. Angioplasty and sometimes bypass surgery, as well as a rehabilitation program, are also required.

Varicose veins are a general cardiovascular disorder, affecting many people. These veins belong to an artificial venous system that widens and twist, and can’t properly transport blood to the heart.

Traditional treatment for varicose veins covers elastic compression therapy and the use of pleiotropic drugs. Large varicose veins are removed surgically.

There are many other interventional procedures depending on the structure and location of a vein to be treated. Sclerotherapy, laser treatments, and Transilluminated powered phlebectomy also provide treatment to varicose veins.

Patients should also consult with the vascular doctor to know, which treatment option is the best for the patient.

Spider veins cause very little swelling as they are more visible and darker than normal veins. These are less painful in comparison to varicose veins. Yes, there are some cases where spider veins turn into varicose veins.

Yes, compression stockings are highly effective for those having varicose veins. While applying direct pressure to affected veins, these garments spread blood flow into veins. Patients can ask their doctor in detail to know, which type of stocking is right for them.

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